CATTI备考笔记 ｜ 2021政府工作报告翻译要点学习笔记（8）
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七是加强依法行政和社会建设，社会保持和谐稳定。提请全国人大常委会审议法律议案 9 件，制定修订行政法规 37 部。认真办理人大代表建议和政协委员提案。
细节剖析
「1」加强依法行政：stepp up law-based administration
拓展
「2」"社会建设"可以理解为推动社会发展进步，译为promote social advancement；
「3」 全国人大常委会：the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
「4」认真办理: work with keen attention to handle...
拓展
这是习近平主席把握历史规律和时代潮流，着眼人类共同和长远利益，为人类未来擘画的美好蓝图……
It is a blueprint President Xi drew up for mankind's future based on a keen understanding of history and the trend of times, in line with the long-term and shared interests of mankind.
——共应世界大变局 共建命运共同体
「5」人大代表：NPC deputies
「6」政协委员：CPPCC National Committee members
译文逐句对照
【63】七是加强依法行政和社会建设，社会保持和谐稳定。
We stepped uplaw-based administration, promoted social advancement, and safeguarded social harmony and stability.
【64】提请全国人大常委会审议法律议案 9 件，制定修订行政法规 37 部。
We submitted nine legislative proposals to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress for deliberation, and formulated or revised 37 sets of administrative regulations.
【65】认真办理人大代表建议和政协委员提案。
We worked with keen attention to handle the suggestions and proposals of NPC deputies and CPPCC National Committee members.
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广泛开展线上教学，秋季学期实现全面复学，1000 多万高中毕业生顺利完成高考。全面深化教育领域综合改革。实现高职院校扩招 100 万人目标。加大公共卫生体系建设力度。提升大规模核酸检测能力，新冠肺炎患者治疗费用全部由国家承担。
细节剖析
「1」“广泛……全面复学”可以看成两个汉语中的无主句，分别使用了两种翻译方法，前半句是变为被动句，译为online school teaching was introduced nationwide，后半句则是根据实际含义——“实现复学”即学生返校，再从中找到“学生”作为主语，——进行翻译。
「2」 高考：the college entrance examination
「3」高职院校扩招：increase student enrollments in vocational colleges
「4」“加大公共卫生体系建设力度”中“建设力度”较为抽象，切勿字对字翻译，此处可理解为”进一步加强、提升公共公共卫生体系“，可译为“efforts were redoubled to strengthen the public health system”
「5」 提升大规模核算检测能力: scale up the capacity for conducting large-scale nucleic acid testing
拓展
「6」“由国家承担”可理解为“由政府支付”，即政府财政会覆盖这些费用，因此可以处理为“be coverd by the government”
译文逐句对照
【66】广泛开展线上教学，秋季学期实现全面复学，1000 多万高中毕业生顺利完成高考。
Online school teaching was introduced nationwide, and students returned to school for the autumn semester. Over 10 million high school graduates successfully completed the college entrance examination.
【67】全面深化教育领域综合改革。【68】实现高职院校扩招 100 万人目标。
We pushed ahead with the comprehensive reform of education, and we achieved the goal of increasing student enrollments in vocational colleges by one million.
【69】加大公共卫生体系建设力度。
Efforts were redoubled to strengthen the public health system.
【70】提升大规模核酸检测能力，新冠肺炎患者治疗费用全部由国家承担。
We scaled up the capacity for conducting large-scale nucleic acid testing, and all the medical bills for treating Covid-19 patients were covered by the government.
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提高退休人员基本养老金，上调城乡居民基础养老金最低标准，保障养老金按时足额发放，实现企业养老保险基金省级统收统支。加强公共文化服务。完善城乡基层治理。扎实做好信访工作。发挥审计监督作用。
细节剖析
「1」“提高”和“上调”是一个意思，翻译过来可以将两句整合，只翻译一次。
「2」城乡居民基础养老金最低标准：minimum basic pension benefits for rural and urban non-working residents
「3」“按时足额发放”也就是准时且全部支付，译为“be paid on time and in full”
「4」省级统收统支：provincial-level collection and payout
「5」基层治理：primary-level governance
「6」扎实做好信访工作：solid steps were taken to address public complaints，“扎实”可处理为形容词“solid”
「7」审计监督：audit-based supervision
「8」国务院大督查：State Council accountability inspections
译文逐句对照
【71】提高退休人员基本养老金，上调城乡居民基础养老金最低标准，保障养老金按时足额发放，实现企业养老保险基金省级统收统支。开展国务院大督查。
Basic pension payments for retirees and minimum basic pension benefits for rural and urban non-working residents were both raised. Pension benefits were paid on time and in full, and provincial-level collection and payout of enterprise workers’ old-age insurance funds was realized.
【72】加强公共文化服务。
Better public cultural services were provided.
【73】完善城乡基层治理。
Primary-level governance in urban and rural areas was enhanced.
【74】扎实做好信访工作。
Solid steps were taken to address public complaints.
【75】发挥审计监督作用。开展国务院大督查。
Audit-based oversight was vigorously conducted, and State Council accountability inspections were carried out.
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做好第七次全国人口普查、国家脱贫攻坚普查。加强生产安全事故防范和处置。严格食品药品疫苗监管。强化社会治安综合治理，持续推进扫黑除恶专项斗争，平安中国建设取得新成效。
细节剖析
「1」人口普查：population census
「2」国家脱贫攻坚普查：the poverty reduction survey
「3」生产安全事故：workplace accidents
「4」“社会治安综合治理”可以翻译为“took a full range of measures to maintain law and order”，“a full range of“标示“全方位的”、“各种各样的”；“治安”指社会安定，人们遵纪守法，有秩序，可译为”law and order“；
「13」汉语习惯用具体和抽象相结合的表达，翻译时可以取具体表达，舍弃抽象表达，如“扫黑除恶专项斗争”可译为“combate organized crime and root out local criminal gangs”,译出了“扫黑除恶”，舍弃“专项斗争”。
拓展
「14」平安中国建设：the Peaceful China initiative
译文逐句对照
【73】完善城乡基层治理。
Primary-level governance in urban and rural areas was enhanced.
【74】扎实做好信访工作。
Solid steps were taken to address public complaints.
【75】发挥审计监督作用。开展国务院大督查。
Audit-based oversight was vigorously conducted, and State Council accountability inspections were carried out.
【76】做好第七次全国人口普查、国家脱贫攻坚普查。
We conducted the seventh population census and the poverty reduction survey.
【77】加强生产安全事故防范和处置。
We intensified efforts to prevent and handle workplace accidents.
【78】严格食品药品疫苗监管。
Supervision of food, drugs, and vaccines was tightened up.
【79】强化社会治安综合治理，持续推进扫黑除恶专项斗争，平安中国建设取得新成效。
We took a full range of measures to maintain law and order, and continued to combate organized crime and root out local criminal gangs, thus making further headway in pursuing the Peaceful China initiative.
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